Introduction of another piece of software (PipeWire) only made it worse.
For the end users, even technical ones like me, every new topic in Linux reveals a true messy nature of it.
I'll give you this example.
Recently I have installed Ubutntu 22.10 on my desktop PC. From the user perspective it works just great, but when I tried to run some of my past experiments on it, I was doing on my Orange PI 4 LTS, I figured arecord / aplay just don't work:
$ arecord -d 5 -r 48000 test.wav ALSA lib pcm_dsnoop.c:566:(snd_pcm_dsnoop_open) unable to open slave arecord: main:831: audio open error: No such file or directory $ aplay gb0.ogg ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:999:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave aplay: main:831: audio open error: No such file or directory
I haven't look deeper into it, whether that is happening because of some pseudo-files (device files) are missing, or they're being exclusively locked by some different audio servers (Pipewire? Pulseaudio?). At first, I tried to figure out, what kind of audio server is being used, and to my surprise I found Ubuntu 22.10 has a fucking mess of all 3 linux audio subsystems:
$ apt list --installed | grep pulse WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. libcanberra-pulse/kinetic,now 0.30-10ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpulse-dev/kinetic,now 1:16.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpulse-mainloop-glib0/kinetic,now 1:16.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpulse0/kinetic,now 1:16.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpulse0/kinetic,now 1:16.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu3 i386 [installed,automatic] pipewire-pulse/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] $ apt list --installed | grep wire WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. gstreamer1.0-pipewire/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpipewire-0.3-0/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] libpipewire-0.3-common/kinetic,kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 all [installed,automatic] libpipewire-0.3-modules/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] libwireplumber-0.4-0/kinetic,now 0.4.12-1 amd64 [installed,automatic] pipewire-bin/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] pipewire-pulse/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] pipewire/kinetic,now 0.3.58-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] wireless-regdb/kinetic,kinetic,now 2022.06.06-0ubuntu1 all [installed,automatic] wireless-tools/kinetic,now 30~pre9-13.1ubuntu4 amd64 [installed,automatic] wireplumber/kinetic,now 0.4.12-1 amd64 [installed,automatic] $ apt list --installed | grep -i alsa WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. alsa-base/kinetic,kinetic,now 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu7 all [installed,automatic] alsa-topology-conf/kinetic,kinetic,now 1.2.5.1-2 all [installed,automatic] alsa-ucm-conf/kinetic,kinetic,now 1.2.6.3-1ubuntu2 all [installed,automatic] alsa-utils/kinetic,now 1.2.6-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] gstreamer1.0-alsa/kinetic,now 1.20.3-2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
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